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The law - known as the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA) - offers amnesty to non-Muslim illegal immigrants from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. The federal
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government says this is to protect religious minorities fleeing persecution in the three Muslim-majority countries. But what has made the law
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especially controversial is that it comes in the wake of the government's plan to publish a nationwide register of citizens that it says will identify illegal immigrants - namely, anyone who doesn't have the documents to prove that their ancestors lived in India. A National Register of Citizens (NRC) - published in the
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north-eastern state of Assam - saw 1.9 million people effectively
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made stateless.